Parathyroid glands are small glands that sit in the neck adjacent to the thyroid gland. In health, they regulate calcium levels in the bloodstream. When they become pathological or diseased however, this process can become disrupted. This typically results in elevated levels of calcium and this is often the way in which it is detected. Below are some common issues associated this condition. This information is general in nature and for more specific information you should first consult your General Practitioner.